1. ‘The EU decision-making process has undoubtedly improved over time, and has thereby weakened the argument that the EU suffers from a democratic deficit.’ Critically discuss this statement, providing examples to support or contest the statement. 2. ‘The jurisprudence introduced by the Kohll and Decker cases is very subtle. It extends the material scope of the Treaty to healthcare, while providing an opportunity for States to justify their own care policy in the light of overriding reasons of general interest.’ Discuss this statement by critically appraising the CJEU’s jurisprudence on cross-border healthcare and evaluating the extent to which the Patients’ Rights Directive (Directive 2011/24/EU) perpetuates the balance of interests upheld in the case law. 3. Critically analyse how one can determine whether the principle of subsidiarity has been violated by the Institutions of the EU. How commonly do such violations occur and how have such violations been addressed?