The story of mankind’s attempts to understand illness, both mental and physical, has often followed a long and torturous path, filled with small successes and tragic dead-ends, for both practitioner and patient. However, starting in the 18th century, both disciplines tried to become more scientific in their endeavors, attempting to understand their respective fields in order to move medicine and medical research beyond its Greco-Roman and Medieval roots. In your essay, and using Roy Porter’s Blood and Guts, discuss and evaluate the degrees of success achieved by doctors and surgeons by the early 19th century in moving from their earlier medieval roots to adopting a more modern approach to understanding their respective endeavors.