Figure 12.1 (refer to lecture slides or the second-edition of the textbook) visualizes the life cycle of an idealized middle-latitude cyclone via six stages. Based upon a very recent, complete Environment Canada Surface Analysis (SA), answer the following questions: 11.Locate a cyclone in the advanced-occlusion phase on your SA. Be certain to identify the cyclone you have chosen. [1 mark] 22.State the date corresponding to your SA. [1 mark] 3.State the UTC time corresponding to your SA, and convert it to the equivalent time in Toronto. [2 marks] 4.Assuming that ⮾marks the current ‘centre’ of your cyclone: a.State the corresponding value and units of the contoured field. [1 marks] b.State the corresponding location in terms of latitude and longitude. [2 marks] c.State the corresponding location in relative terms – e.g., relative to some landmark, such as a part of Canada. [2 marks] 35.Given that ⊙marks past locations of the centre of your cyclone, over recent 4hours/days: 1Only the complete SAs that cover the Northern Hemisphere will have fronts identified. 2Introduce some annotation (e.g., enclose it in a rectangle) or crop it out of the main SA. 3“Just South of the Southern tip of Hudson’s Bay” would be an example of a relative location. 4The ⊙closest to the ⮾marks the location of the centre of the cyclone 6 hours earlier . The second ⊙(closest to the ⮾) marks the location 12-hours earlier, and so on. The numbers next to the ⊙are the final two digits for the value of the contoured field – e.g., “98” implies a value of 998, whereas “04” a value of 1004. a.Is there a distinct trend in the value of the contoured field? If so, what is that trend? [1 mark] b.Based upon your answer to the previous question, has the cyclone been weakening/strengthening or staying the same? [1 mark] c.Based upon your answer to the previous question, would you expect upper-level convergence/divergence to be required to support the change observed at the surface? If no surface change was observed, what must be the implication for upper-level support? [1 mark] d.Why might a strongly positive value of CAPE change this situation? [2 marks] e.Based upon previous answers: i.Would you expect the cyclone to weaken/strengthen or remain unchanged over the next 6-12 hours? Why? [2 marks] ii.What is the primary assumption or hypothesis you are implicitly making in stating your prediction above? [1 mark] f.In which direction has the cyclone been moving? [1 mark] g.In which direction do you expect the cyclone to move over the next 6-12 hours? [1 mark] h.TROWALs track the progression of an occlusion, whereas an occluded front does not. Explain. [5 marks] i.Identify the TROWAL in your cyclone. [1 mark] j.Identify the warm and cold fronts in your cyclone. [2 marks] k.Which air masses are most likely to be involved in your cyclone? What complicates the identification of these ‘participating’ air masses? [3 marks] l.On your SA, clearly identify the cold and warm sectors of your cyclone. [2 marks] m.What additional information would you need to determine whether cold or warm occlusion was responsible for the TROWAL you identified previously? [1 mark] n.Draw a line on your SA that intersects with both the warm and cold fronts. i.State the orientation of this line – e.g., SW to NE. [2 marks] ii.Sketch the corresponding vertical profile (that captures these intersections). [5 marks] iii.Sketch a second profile, parallel to the one in the previous question, that is closer or farther away from the point where the three features intersect. [3 marks] iv.Taken together, what do these profiles help to convey regarding the cold front relative to the warm front? [1 mark] 6.Identify a weather station ‘close’ to your cyclone. State the direction of the wind recorded at this station. [1 mark]