Reflect on errors you often find yourself making in reasoning, why and how it relates to your cognitive dissonance.

According to Robert Marzano: Here are the Top 10 Reasons Why Students Make Errors in Reasoning

I made an assumption that isn’t accurate.
I didn’t have enough information to draw the appropriate conclusion.
I had the wrong information to draw the appropriate conclusion.
I have a personal bias that is interfering with drawing the right conclusion.
I constantly evade the issue and go off topic, making it impossible for me to

draw the right conclusion.
I think that if something happens once or twice, it must be

true all the time.
I think that if two things occur together, one must have

caused the other.
I refuse to consider the possibility that I might be wrong.
I make frequent derogatory statement about another person.
10. I rely more on emotion and force than logic and reason

Listen to the following excerpt “Why It’s Hard to Admit to Being Wrong
Reflect on errors you often find yourself making in reasoning, why and how it relates to your cognitive dissonance.

What events occurred in Timor Leste that led researchers to want to study the effects that trauma may have had on its citizens?

Article :Brooks, R., Silove, D., Steel, Z., Steel, C. B., & Rees, S. (2011). Explosive anger in postconflict Timor Leste: interaction of socio-economic disadvantage and past human rights-related trauma. Journal of affective disorders, 131(1-3), 268-276.

Question 1; What events occurred in Timor Leste that led researchers to want to study the effects that trauma may have had on its citizens?

Article; Hwang, J. C. (2018). Pathways into Terrorism: Understanding Entry into and Support for Terrorism in Asia. Terrorism and Political Violence, 30(6), 883-889. DOI: 10.1080/09546553.2018.1481186

Question 2: Identify Wiktorowicz’s four factors. How can these factors be applied to Nuraniyah’s study?

Classmates response:

Article: ; Hwang, J. C. (2018). Pathways into Terrorism: Understanding Entry into and Support for Terrorism in Asia. Terrorism and Political Violence, 30(6), 883-889. DOI: 10.1080/09546553.2018.1481186

Question 2: Identify Wiktorowicz’s four factors. How can these factors be applied to Nuraniyah’s study?

Response; According to the article , Wiktorowicz’s Four Factors are focused on how one individual might become a terrorist. These four factors start with a cognitive switch caused wither by identity crisis, discrimination or repression, which causes a change in one’s prior held beliefs. The second factor is when one encounters radical social movement activists while in the process of religious seeking. The third factor is frame alignment and the final factor is the deliberate act of “re-culturing” or socializing completely into a new world view (Hwang, 2018). When someone experiences all four of these conditions, the interplay of emotions caused by them may make them more likely to become a terrorist. Similarly, Nuraniyah developed a theory surrounding the ways that migrant worker women might become IS sympathizers. in this study, Nuraniyah explains that these women have experiences a cultural and cognitive opening, just as Wiktorowicz explained, that caused their beliefs to shift. Especially when they were living abroad and were separated from their families. These women searched for social and religious answers and along the way, came in contact with IS sympathizer groups, which began to shape their beliefs and change their attitudes (Hwang, 2018).

Discuss heavy media users tend to hold beliefs and opinions similar to those portrayed on television rather than ones based in real-world circumstances

Cultivation theory suggests that exposure to media, over time, “cultivates” viewers’ perceptions of reality through images and ideological messages
– Heavy media users tend to hold beliefs and opinions similar to those portrayed on television rather than ones based in real-world circumstances

Do a brief summary outlining the causes of the Civil War. Discuss your beliefs as to why the Civil War occurred.

Do a brief summary outlining the causes of the Civil War. Discuss your beliefs as to why the Civil War occurred. Could it have been avoided? What would have had to happen to prevent the War? Support your position with sources.-Write a one-to two page paper, or more, which shall include the following:
Identify the issues causing the Civil War? What options existed for preventing the War?
Defend your position with factual information.

What kind of leadership do we need to enable humanity to move to a more sustainable future?

What kind of leadership do we need to enable humanity to move to a more sustainable future? One of the most important challenges for the world is to move to clearer production, consumption and energy generation. What kind of leadership do we need to enable humanity to move to a more sustainable future? Write an essay in response to the questions below. The essay should be from 700-1000 words in length. Make sure you use theory to support your arguments and answers. – What is sustainable development? – Why is sustainable development important to humanity at the present time? – What is the role of leadership in promoting sustainable development? – Identify three leaders who have or are making a difference in our move towards sustainable development. – What leadership skills are needed in order to support sustainable development? – How can we develop leaders to become more sustainable in their thinking and actions? – Do you think there is enough leadership that values sustainability? – What can be done to encourage sustainable leadership to emerge?

Identify whether the police had the right to go into the bedroom when relying on exigent circumstances.

Prior to beginning your written assignment, read Kim’s Fourth Amendment (https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/fourth_amendment) article, Machado’s Fourth Amendment article (attached), view the Fourth Amendment: Exceptions to the Warrant Requirement (Part I) (https://lawshelf.com/videos/entry/fourth-amendment-exceptions-to-the-warrant-requirement-part-i/) and the Fourth Amendment: Exceptions to the Warrant Requirement Part II) (https://lawshelf.com/videos/entry/fourth-amendment-warrant-requirement-exceptions-part-ii/) videos, and review the Supreme Court Opinion synopses. You may want to review the recommended resource, Fourth Amendment Remedies as Rights: The Warrant Requirement article, for a more complete understanding of the Fourth Amendment and remedies for its violation.

Read the following case scenario:

Linda Rhodes and her boyfriend, Joe Marshall, were arrested as a result of a drug raid. Linda was making dinner for her children, who were with her in the kitchen, and Joe, who was in the living room, when the police, led by Sgt. Rick Rodgers, broke down her door. Linda owns the house. Joe has no ownership interest in the house but has been living there for the last year. The police found several ounces of cocaine, packaging material, scales, and a large amount of currency in small denominations in Linda and Joe’s bedroom. The cocaine was found in a dresser drawer, but the rest of the items were on the bed in plain view. Both Linda and Joe were charged with possession of cocaine with the intent to distribute it.

Joe Marshall has been arrested twice before for drug offenses. The first arrest was three years ago when he was charged with intent to sell, to which he pled guilty to possession and received five years’ probation. The second arrest was six months ago; however, the case was dropped for lack of evidence when the police evidence room lost the drugs.

Joe was also arrested three times for domestic violence: five years ago and three years ago against his former wife, and three months ago for beating Linda. All the cases were dropped when the victims refused to testify.

Linda has been arrested twice, eight and five years ago, for possession of marijuana. The first case was dropped when she identified her dealer. She pled guilty to the second charge and received one year of probation.

Linda works for a maid service, cleaning private homes. Joe has no known employment and claims to be a musician. Linda’s income from the maid service is the only known source of income for the household.

On the day in question, the police broke down the door without knocking or announcement. There was no other damage to the house, but the house was turned “upside down.” The police properly collected and tagged all of the evidence and immediately transferred it to the police evidence room. Both Joe and Linda claim to have no knowledge of the cocaine.

The police questioned Linda’s daughters, Sally (age 3) and Sara (age 9). Sally was crying and had no coherent statement about the incident. Sara told the police that she saw Joe with the “white powder” and that he said it was for a bubble bath and a surprise for mommy and that Sara should “keep it secret.”

An informant told Sgt. Rodgers about the cocaine. The informant’s name was not revealed, but he has provided reliable information in the past. The police were watching the house while waiting for a warrant. They claim they heard screams and decided to enter the house due to the knowledge that young children were in the house. The warrant was delivered one hour later.

Research Fourth Amendment cases involving searches, warrants, and exigent circumstances.

In your paper,

– Define probable cause and its relationship to determining the legality of a search.
– Explain the purpose and application of the exclusionary rule.
– Identify whether Joe had legal standing to object to the search.
– Describe whether the cash, packaging material, and scales admissible at trial if the police rely on exigent circumstances.
– Explain whether the evidence of the cocaine is admissible at trial.
– Identify whether the police had the right to go into the bedroom when relying on exigent circumstances.

Examine the main controversies surrounding the gang problem and the NYS 2018 policy initiative to address the issue.

Final Policy Paper (CJ-400)

The Department of Justice in December 2019, announced charges against 96 people accused of being members or associates of the violent MS-13 street gang in New York. Law enforcement called it the largest takedown of the criminal group in state history. The charges include 77 counts of murder and assault, as well as gang assault, firearm sales and possession and drug trafficking on Long Island (U.S. News, December 20, 2019).

In the past, New York state had invested millions of dollars in efforts to crack down on MS-13 and gang recruitment on Long Island. In October 2018, for example, “Gov. Andrew Cuomo traveled to Brentwood to announce a $20 million fund to combat MS-13 gang violence. Three-quarters of the money was dedicated to building a new community center to provide recreational and educational services for area teens. The rest was for better lighting and security at local parks, workforce training and mental health services for youth, and law enforcement technology. Cuomo said the funding is part of a broader effort to take on gangs like MS-13”. (News 12 Long Island, October 30, 2018)

Assignment:

The office of Gov. Cuomo has invited you to serve as a consultant to critically review their 2018 gang control policy and design a new proposal to more effectively combat MS-13. Please write a critical paper, approximately 7 pages (APA style).

You have as consultants to you all of the theorists we have studied this semester.

Beccaria, Bentham- Free Will- Deterrence Theory
Marx, Quinney, Reiman- Social Conflict Theory
Wilson-Biological Theory
Hirschi, Gottfredsson- Social Control and Self Control Theories
Gluecks, Wolfgang, Sampson and Laub- Developmental and Life Course Theories
Von Hirsch, Fogel- Just Deserts Theory
Martinson, Gilbert, Cullen- Rehabilitation
Zehr, Braitwait- Restorative Justice
Adler, Chesney-Lind, Daly-Feminist Criminology
Welch- Prison Industrial Complex
Clear- Penal Harm, Collateral Consequences

You must address the following:

Examine the main controversies surrounding the gang problem and the NYS 2018 policy initiative to address the issue. Which of the above criminology theorists’ positions from throughout this course would be supported by this policy? Summarize the assumptions of the applicable theories. Which of the above criminology theorists’ positions from throughout this course would be rejected? Why? Summarize their assumptions. (30%)

2. Critically evaluate the Governor’s 2018 policy. What remaining questions do you have? What approaches may have been ignored? What additional theory or approach would you suggest to guide the policy agenda? Summarize the assumptions of these additional theories? (20%)

3. Propose, create, and design an alternative policy suggestion to address the gang problem and its consequences. What other recommendations would you make to advance a solution to this problem? (20%)

4. Find a minimum of 5 peer reviewed research articles. Present the scholarly research and summarize the authors’ main findings. Now convert this into a policy recommendation for the Governor’s office. What are the pros and cons of your policy? (30%)