Write a thorough review of the literature which includes a description of your administrative law problem, theories related to this problem, frameworks for analyzing the problem.

The research paper is worth 300 points. Your research paper should be 12-15 pages in length. Your paper should include the following sections: (1) An introduction that includes your research topic/question and a road map to the paper; (2) a thorough review of the literature which includes a description of your administrative law problem, theories related to this problem, frameworks for analyzing the problem, etc.; and (3) a conclusion that summarizes your main findings, discusses the limitations of your research, and posits future research questions. If you are concerned about the idea of developing a theoretical framework, you may use one of the frameworks provided in the textbooks. Consult the next page for ideas on how to develop a topic for the research paper. You should start by describing your basic administrative law problem and then dig deeper into it. An “A-level” paper should include a solid theoretical framework for the analysis. Your literature review should be analytical, not summative. I do not want you to engage in a sequential discussion of each separate article or book. Reviews that follow the format “Author A said blah, blah, blah,” “Author B said this and that,” “Author C said so and so,” are unacceptable presentations of the literature. Your sources can be diverse, but I want to see a nice mix of materials. You must use some academic, peer- reviewed journals for this paper. I strongly encourage the use of the VPN available through ULM to access library resources, JSTOR, and various publications through public administration journals (examples include: Public Administration Review, Public Personnel Management, Journal of Public Administration Research & Theory, Public Integrity, et al.). Furthermore, I would encourage you to explore law review journals from various law schools, as they incorporate a blend of both scholarly analysis while retaining the legal focus necessary to explore administrative law. You may not cite Wikipedia as a source.

What is the pattern? Describe this, including citations to the work of other theorists who have observed similar patterns.

Organizing the Information: What did you see or observe about gender or ethnic/racial parity or inequality? Is this a broader pattern or a one-time episode? What is the evidence for a broader pattern? What do the quantitative data tell you? Do they suggest that the parity or inequality you see is part of a larger picture? What concepts or theories (classical or contemporary) have you studied that might be useful in explaining the pattern? Make a list. How do these fit together into a theory? Go back to Week 3, “What Counts as Theory?” and review the material, especially the chapter from Rojas and Swedborg. Draw a diagram of the concepts you plan to use including connections that can explain what causes what. Writing the Paper: What is your thesis? Write your thesis as a statement about the causal relationships you intend to describe and support. What is the pattern? Describe this, including citations to the work of other theorists who have observed similar patterns. Why does the pattern exist? Develop a theory to explain the pattern using concepts and other theories studied in the course. How do the data you have collected support or refute the thesis? What conclusions can you draw? Proofread your paper for spelling, grammar, and punctuation.

How does the text’s language engage with some aspect of the text’s historical, social, or cultural context?

You may write about any text we’ve read this semester (novel, poem, or film). It’s o.k. if it’s the same text you wrote about for an earlier paper; however, you may not use any of the material you wrote for your previous essay in this final paper. Choose one of the topics from the attached topic sheet or create your own topic and have it approved by me. After choosing a topic, it’s your job to narrow the topic down and to develop a specific thesis that makes an argument. Your essay should then support, develop, and explore this thesis by using your careful analysis of the text as your primary source of evidence. Ultimately, your goal is to make a thoughtful, cogent argument about an interesting thing you think the text is doing. To help you develop your main ideas, you may want to consider one of the following questions: How does the text’s language engage with some aspect of the text’s historical, social, or cultural context? How does the text represent a specific worldview or set of values? How does the text try to express a particular argument? How does the text puzzle over, explore, or seek to solve a particular problem? How does the text make a claim? How does the text use or experiment with a formal element (figurative language, a rhetorical device, narrative structure, etc)?

What is the relationship between climate change and global patterns of migration?

Across the globe, many individuals are fleeing violence, poverty, and corruption. However, climate change is emerging as both a direct and an indirect driver of migration that complicates existing vulnerabilities. What is the relationship between climate change and global patterns of migration? What is the role of the international community in protecting climate migrants? Use specific examples for the course readings and guest speakers to support your argument. Some questions to think about: (Note: These are guiding questions that you could use to frame your argument. You do not have to answer all, or any, of these if you are interested in another aspect of this situation) How do diverse marginalized groups experience the effects of climate change differently? (immigrants, refugees, migrants, women, children, etc.) In what ways are marginalized groups at greater risk to the harms of environmental changes? Some possible sources to provide context: (Note: These sources are to provide background information on the context of global migration. You may use other news sources to inform your argument. We are not asking you to summarize these articles) Floods predicted to uproot 50 million people a year as climate heats up https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-floods/floods-predicted-to-uproot-50-million-people-a-year-as-climate-heats-up-idUSKBN1Y72Q8 (Links to an external site.) Climate Change Is Altering Migration Patterns Regionally and Globally https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2019/12/03/478014/climate-change-altering-migration-patterns-regionally-globally/ (Links to an external site.) Directions: Use concepts and examples from the assigned course readings and course lectures to respond to the prompt. We are not asking you to summarize the readings/lectures/news sources or answer all the questions above. We are not asking for your unsupported opinions. We are asking you to make your own coherent and well supported argument about the topic.

Calculate the correlation with temperature as the independent variable and distress_ct as the dependent variable.

1. Read the challenger.csv file into R as a dataframe. Set StringsAsFactors=TRUE 2. How many variables, rows and columns are there in the dataframe? Enter your answer as a comment. 3. Estimate beta (slope) value manually, with temperature as the independent variable and distress_ct as the dependent variable. Print the beta value. 4. Estimate alpha (intercept) value manually, with temperature as the independent variable and distress_ct as the dependent variable. Print the alpha value. 5. Define alpha and beta in this context. Enter your answer as a comment. 6. Calculate the correlation with temperature as the independent variable and distress_ct as the dependent variable. You can use either of the methods we discussed in class. Print the correlation value. 7. Explain the significance of the correlation in this context. Enter your answer as a comment. 8. Build the regression model with temperature as the independent variable and distress_ct as the dependent variable. 9. Output the regression coefficient. 10. Do a summary on the regression model. Please submit a. R script. Files submitted in any other format won’t be evaluated.

Describe the digital processes used to generate, document or build the design.

Select a project from the following to discuss, Benchmark School Innovation Lab, SHOP Architects https://www.benchmarkschool.org/academics/innovation-lab New Lab, Marvel Architects https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/the-new-lab-opens-inbrooklyn_o Open Works, Cho Benn Holback and Associates http://www.cbhassociates.com/projects/details/open-works-2/ Or digital fabrication itself: https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/cabin-of-3d-printedcuriosities_o While the list above provides general information and a starting point for investigation, additional work will be required to fully research the projects. Please give the following information about the project and digital processes: a. project name b. architect/engineer c. geographic location d. Describe the digital processes used to generate, document or build the design. e. What, if any, influence did the digital process have upon the final product? Shape or form of the design? Materiality or fabrication? Production techniques? f. How did the idea of fabrication, the role of making, have an effect upon the project? g. Did you find anything especially intriguing or interesting about the chosen project?