Discuss the Study of Lightweight Potential of Density Reduced Steels for Automobile and Aircraft Applications.

The aim of this project is to study the lightweight potential of density re- duced steels, titanium alloys, and new generation of steel grades (DP600 und TRIP700). The lightweight design of several components will be compared. The influence of alloying elements and the mechanical properies (den- sity, E-modulus, Rm, …) will help to describe the the lightweight potential. Several typical components will be designed, calculated and weight of com- ponents assessed. The obtained results will be interpreted and discussed in this work. If laboratory is available, hardness and microstructure study can be made. 2 Aims and Scientific Questions • Aspects of the study – Literature survey: list the mechanical properties of density re- duced steels, titanium and high-strength steels (comparison, mi- crostructures, alloying, liste), – Calculation of several components using steels, Ti and density reduced steels (E/density, Rm/density…. eg. automotive compo- nents). – Comparison and light-weight properties, compare the studied ma- terials for given applications. 1 3 Experimental Procedure and Methods • List of experimental methods and tools: – Phase diagrams, – Calculationsofcomponents(ExampleFraunhoferReportLightweight design using modern materials) – Plot Rm versus density, E versus density,… (Ashby type), – Plot weight of components using steel, Ti and low density steels. • List of materials – Low density steels (Fe-C-Mn, Al,… alloys) for automotive and aircraft applications, – DP600 and TRIP700 steels (AHSS), – Titanium alloys (automotive, aircraft usage, e.g. TiAl6V4,…).

Write an essay identifying your own levels of stress and types of coping.

Identifying your own levels of stress and types of coping In this assignment you will complete five brief questionnaires measuring stress and coping styles and you will explore your own stress and coping responses. Please just fill in these questionnaires (each questionnaire is colored in blue to distinguish them from everything else) and score them. Finally, explore your scores through the essay prompts given (which are in purple). You can just turn this worksheet in as your assignment but with the questionnaires completed and the essay prompts fully answered. 1. First complete this survey examining stress as a physical response. Indicate how often each of the following happens to you, either when you are experiencing stress or following exposure to a significant stressor. Use the following scale. Scoring is on the next page. 0 = never3 = every few weeks 1 = once or twice a year4 = once or more each week 2 = every few months5 = daily Cardiovascular symptomsSkin symptoms ______ Heart pounding______Acne ______Heart racing or beating erratically______Dandruff ______Cold, sweaty hands______Perspiration ______Headaches (throbbing pain)______Excessive dryness of skin or hair ______Subtotal______Subtotal Respiratory symptomsImmunity symptoms ______Rapid, erratic, or shallow breathing______Allergy flare-up ______Shortness of breath______Catching colds ______Asthma attack______Catching the flu ______Difficulty in speaking because of poor breathing control______Skin rash ______Subtotal______Subtotal Gastrointestinal symptomsMetabolic symptoms ______Upset stomach, nausea, or vomiting______Increased appetite ______Constipation______Increased craving for tobacco or sweets ______Diarrhea______Thoughts racing or difficulty sleeping ______Sharp abdominal pains______Feelings of crawling anxiety or nervousness ______Subtotal______Subtotal Muscular symptoms ______Headaches (steady pain) ______Back or shoulder pains ______Muscle tremors or hands shaking ______Arthritis ______Subtotal Overall symptomatic total ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬____________ (see instructions below) Source: Allen, R., & Hyde, D. (1980). Investigations in stress control. (Reprinted by permission of Burgess International Group.) Minneapolis, MN: Burgess Publishing. To score your answers, simply add up your responses first within each category to obtain subtotals for each physiological system and then across the seven subtotals to obtain an overall symptomatic total. Interpreting your scores: Total scores between 0 and 35 indicate a low level of physical stress responses and little danger to health. Total scores between 36 and 75 are average and may indicate an increased risk of stress-related illness. Scores between 76 and 140 indicate excessive physical stress symptoms. According to the designers of the scale, to minimize health risk, people who obtain scores within this range should take steps to reduce their level of stress to minimize their health risk. 2. Explain the type of information this questionnaire gives you. Explain how this relates to stress and can be used as a measure of stress. Explain any insights this gives you into your own level of stress. Finally, connect this to a specific section within the textbook. Explain how it relates to at least one concept from the text. (1 paragraph3. Now complete the general stress scale: Indicate your degree of agreement with each statement by placing a number in the blank before it. Use the following scale. 4 = very often 3 = fairly often 2 = sometimes 1 = almost never 0 = never 1. How often have you been upset because of something that happened unexpectedly? 2. How often have you felt that you were unable to control the important things in your life? 3. How often have you felt nervous and “stressed”? 4. How often have you felt confident about your ability to handle your personal problems? 5. How often have you felt that things were going your way? 6. How often have you been able to control irritations in your life? 7. How often have you found that you could not cope with all the things that you had to do? 8. How often have you felt that you were on top of things? 9. How often have you been angered because of things that were outside your control? 10. How often have you felt that difficulties were piling up so high that you could not overcome them? To obtain your total score, use the following scale to reverse the number you placed before items 4, 5, 6, and 8: 4 = 0, 3 = 1, 2 = 2, 1 = 3, and 0 = 4. Then, add your new reversed scores to the scores from the items that you didn’t reverse for your total score (higher numbers indicate more stress). Total score (be sure to properly reverse the items specified above): _________   4. Compare and contrast your own levels of stress with those found below. Is your score higher or lower or about the same as others, considering your age, gender and marital status? Explain why you think this is. Finally, explain why you think the scores show the differences they do depending on age, gender and marital status. Are these in line with what you would expect or are the averages different than what you would have expected? (1 paragraph) AgeGenderMarital Status 18–29………14.2Men……12.1Widowed…………………………12.6 30–44………13.0Women…13.7Married or living with partner…..12.4 45–54………12.6Single or never wed…………….14.1 55–64………11.9Divorced………………………..14.7 65 and over…12.0Separated……………………….16.6 Source: Adler, J. (1999, June 14). How stress attacks you. Newsweek, 58–63. [Scale appears on p. 63.] 5. Now complete the susceptibility to stress scale. How susceptible you are to stress depends on a mix of your health behaviors, lifestyle, and resources for coping with stress. This test will help you determine your level of susceptibility and the factors that contribute to it. Fill in 1 (ALMOST ALWAYS) to 5 (NEVER) according to how much of the time an item is true of you. ¬______1. I eat at least one hot, balanced meal a day. ______2. I get 7–-8 hours of sleep at least 4 nights a week. ______3. I give and receive affection regularly. ______4. I have at least one relative within 50 miles on whom I can rely. ______5. I exercise to the point of perspiration at least twice a week. ______6. I avoid tobacco use (cigarettes, pipe, cigars, snuff, and chewing tobacco). ______7. I consume fewer than 5 alcoholic drinks per week. ______8. I am the appropriate weight for my height. ______9. I have an income adequate to meet basic expenses. ______10. I get strength from my religious beliefs. ______11. I regularly attend club or social activities. ______12. I have a network of friends and acquaintances. ______13. I have one or more friends to confide in about personal matters. ______14. I am in good health (including eyesight, hearing, and teeth). ______15. I am able to speak openly about my feelings when angry or worried. ______16. I have regular conversations with the people I live with about domestic problems (e.g. chores, money, and daily living issues). ______17. I do something for fun at least once a week. ______18. I am able to organize my time effectively. ______19. I drink fewer than 3 cups of coffee (or tea or cola drinks) per day. ______20. I take quiet time for myself during the day. ______21. I have an optimistic outlook on life. Source: Susceptibility to stress scale from Stress audit, version 5.0-0S, developed by Lyle H. Miller and Alma Dell Smith. Biobehavioral Institute of Boston. To compute your total scores, you should add up the numbers you placed in front of the 21 items, then subtract 21. Total score _________ Note: A total score higher than 32 indicates a susceptibility to stress. Scores between 52 and 77 suggest serious susceptibility, and scores higher than 77 suggest extreme susceptibility. Miller, L. H., & Smith, A. D. (1994). Susceptibility to stress scale from Stress audit, Version 5.0–0S. 6. Based on the items on the survey, explain what you think susceptibility to stress means. Explain any insights this gives you into the state of your own stress levels. Be sure to address whether your score is higher than you would like it to be. What can you do to decrease your susceptibility to stress? (1 paragraph) 7. Complete the multidimensional health locus of control scales. Indicate your degree of agreement with each statement by placing a number in the blank before it. Use the following scale. 1 = strongly disagree4 = slightly agree 2 = moderately disagree5 = moderately agree 3 = slightly disagree6 = strongly agree ¬______1. If I get sick, it is my own behavior that determines how soon I get well. ______2. I am in control of my health. ______3. When I get sick, I am to blame. ______4. The main thing that affects my health is what I myself do. ______5. If I take care of myself, I can avoid illness. ______6. If I take the right actions, I can stay healthy. ______TOTAL ______ 7. Having regular contact with my physician is the best way for me to avoid illness. ______8. Whenever I don’t feel well, I should consult a medically trained professional. ______9. My family has a lot to do with my becoming sick or staying healthy. ______10. Health professionals control my health. ______11. When I recover from an illness, it’s usually because other people (e.g., doctors, nurses, family, and friends) have been taking good care of me. ______12. Regarding my health, I can only do what my doctor tells me to do. ______TOTAL ______ 13. No matter what I do, if I am going to get sick, I will get sick. ______14. Most things that affect my health happen to me by accident. ______15. Luck plays a big part in determining how soon I will recover from an illness. ______16. My good health is largely a matter of good fortune. ______17. No matter what I do, I’m likely to get sick. ______18. If it’s meant to be, I will stay healthy ______TOTAL Source: Wallston, K., Wallston, B., & DeVellis, R. (1978). Development of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scales. Health Education and Behavior, 6(2), 160–170. Copyright © 1978 by Sage Publications, Inc. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications, Inc. The first six items index internal health locus of control (for example, “I am in control of my health”), items 7 through 12 measure the perceived existence of “powerful others” (for example, that “health professionals control my health”), and items 13 through 18 assess chance health locus of control (for example, “my health is largely a matter of fate, luck, or chance”). To score your tests, simply add the numbers in the 18 blanks. Scores between 23 and 30 on a subscale indicate strong support for that dimension. Scores between 15 and 22 indicate moderate support, and scores between 6 and 14 indicate weak support. 8. Describe your own scores and explain insights this gives you into your own feelings of control over health. Explain how your environment and job influences these scores. Describe what types of situations or factors might alter your scores on this questionnaire. (1 paragraph) 9. Complete the survey below and then score yourself on the survey. Coping styles survey: Take a few minutes to identify the most important problem you have faced during the last year. Then, using the scale below, indicate how often you used each of the following strategies to deal with it. 0 = not at all1 = a little2 = occasionally3 = fairly often 1. Took things a day at a time. 2. Got away from things for a while. 3. Tried to find out more about the situation. 4. Tried to reduce tension by drinking more. 5. Talked with a professional person (e.g., doctor, lawyer, clergy). 6. Made a promise to myself that things would be different next time. 7. Prepared for the worst. 8. Let my feelings out somehow. 9. Took it out on other people when I felt angry or depressed. 10. Prayed for guidance and/or strength. 11. Accepted it; nothing could be done. 12. Talked with spouse or another relative about the problem. 13. Talked with a friend about the problem. 14. Tried to reduce tension by taking more tranquilizing drugs. 15. Told myself things that helped me feel better. 16. Kept my feelings to myself. 17. Bargained or compromised to get something positive from the situation. 18. Tried to reduce tension by exercising more. 19. Tried to reduce tension by smoking more. 20. Tried to see the positive side of the situation. 21. Considered several alternatives for handling the problem. 22. Made a plan of action and followed it. 23. Went over the situation in my mind to try to understand it. 24. Tried to reduce tension by eating more. 25. Got busy with other things to keep my mind off the problem. 26. Drew on my past experiences. 27. Avoided being with people in general. 28. I knew what had to be done and tried harder to make things work. 29. Tried to step back from the situation and be more objective. 30. Refused to believe that it happened. 31. Sought help from persons or groups with similar experiences. 32. Tried not to act too hastily or follow my first hunch. This questionnaire identifies 32 coping strategies, some of which are clearly emotion-focused (“Tried to reduce tension by smoking more”), and others are problem-focused (“I knew what had to be done and tried harder to make things work”). Hololan and Moos (1987), the authors of the scale, extend the problem-focused and emotion-focused distinction to include active-cognitive strategies (active efforts to construct thoughts to help cope with a problem), active-behavioral (active efforts to change a situation), and avoidance (efforts to keep a problem from conscious awareness). Your score on the active-cognitive subscale is the sum of the scores for items 1, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15, 20, 21, 23, 26, and 29. Active-behavioral is assessed by items 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 13, 17, 18, 22, 25, 28, 31, and 32. Avoidance is assessed by items 4, 9, 14, 16, 19, 24, 27, and 30. Your active cognitive score: ________ Your active-behavioral score: ________ Your avoidance score: ________ Holahan, C., & Moos, R. (1987). Personal and contextual determinants of coping strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(5), 946–955. Copyright © 1987 by the American Psychological Association. Reprinted with permission. 10. Explain both problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping in your own words. Describe the difference between an outer-directed type of problem-focused coping and an inner-directed type of problem focused coping. Also, be sure to describe when people are generally more likely to use one more than the other. Explain the role that personality, gender and culture each likely play in the type of coping strategies used (be sure to explain each one). (1-2 paragraphs) 11. Explain which general categories you think you use the most and which strategies from the questionnaire you think have been most helpful to you in the past in dealing with stress and which strategies have been the most counterproductive. What strategies have you seen others use that you feel like would not work for you. Explain why you think this is. (1 paragraph) 12. Explain whether these surveys impacted how you see your own stress and coping and whether they helped to elucidate anything that you were perhaps not fully aware of or focused on before. Describe how you can apply the results to improve your own stress and coping. (1-2 paragraphs)

Describe Maxine Hong Kingston Woman Warrior .

Chopin The Awakening https://www.gutenberg.org/files/160/160-h/160-h.htm Crane Maggie: A Girl of the Streets http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/447 Willa Cather My Antonia https://www.gutenberg.org/files/242/242-h/242-h.htm Anaya Bless Me, Ultima http://mesavistacsd.com/docs/bless_me_ultima_-_rudolfo_anaya.pdf Maxine Hong Kingston Woman Warrior https://www.academia.edu/26030087/Maxine_Hong_Kingston_-_The_Woman_Warrior Angelou I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings https://www.academia.edu/8078608/I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings_-_Full_Text_PDF Sherman Alexie http://kieferorigins.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/7/6/13762989/alexie_-_lone_ranger_and_tonto_fistfight_in_heaven.pdf Saul Bellow Seize the Day https://epdf.pub/seize-the-day.html

Describe a Interpretive Dimensions discussion section conclusion section implications section.

1. Substantive and Theoretical Dimensions relevance of research problem and significance appropriateness of the conceptual framework congruence between research question and methods used literature review 2. Methodological Dimensions research design population and sample collection of data validity 3. Ethical Dimensions confidentiality or anonymity informed consent vulnerability of study subjects/participants research ethics board approval 4. Interpretive Dimensions discussion section conclusion section implications section 5. Presentation and Stylistic Dimensions any missing information clear, grammatically correct writing well organized enough detail, no jargon Also include a discussion of the strengths and limitations of the study. Use examples to illustrate points. Make sure your content is accurate and “critique-like” demonstrating evidence of critical thinking.

How will changing costs impact resource us?

everything is about solar energy 1.Economic Factors–How will changing costs impact resource us. 2.Health Risks–considering the impact on human health that goes along with resource use. 3. Political Economy–An analysis of who benefits and who suffers from current use of the resource base. 4.Sustainability– Are humans using resources in a sustainable, long term manner? 5.Science and technology–Scientific or technological advances which might change current behaviors, trends, or the size of the resource base.. 6. Politics–Political factors which impact the way the resource is exploited and which may threaten or improve its exploitation in the future.