: 1. Define variable and describe the operational definition of a variable 2. Describe the different relationships between variables: ? Positive ? Negative ? Curvilinear ? No relationship 3. Compare and contrast nonexperimental and experimental research methods 4. Distinguish between an independent variable and a dependent variable 5. Discuss the limitations of laboratory experiments and the advantage of using multiple methods of research 6. Distinguish between construct validity, internal validity, and external validity CHAPTER 5: 1. Define reliability of a measure of behavior and describe the difference between test-retest, internal consistency, and interrater reliability 2. Discuss ways to establish construct validity, including face validity, content validity, predictive validity, concurrent validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity 3. Describe the problem of reactivity of a measure of behavior and discuss ways to minimize reactivity 4. Describe the properties of the four scales of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio CHAPTER 6: 1. Compare quantitative and qualitative methods of describing behavior 2. Describe naturalistic observation and discuss methodological issues such as participation and concealment 3. Describe systematic observation and discuss methodological issues such as the use of equipment, reactivity, reliability, and sampling 4. Describe the features of a case study 5. Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records
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