•Brief introduction summary (design, sample, measure of exposure, measure of outcome, findings)•Discussion of the method to measure physical activity eg: what it appropriate for the study design and target population? Was it valid and reliable? What limitations or advantages?•Discussion of the dose-response relationship between physical activity (or sedentary behavior) and the health-related outcome (eg: CVD risk factors)•Evaluation of the strength of the scientific evidence (i.e., Mill’s Canons)•Discussion of the study’s strengths and weaknesses•Identification of future research needs •Conclusion/summary