What is the pattern? Describe this, including citations to the work of other theorists who have observed similar patterns.

Organizing the Information: What did you see or observe about gender or ethnic/racial parity or inequality? Is this a broader pattern or a one-time episode? What is the evidence for a broader pattern? What do the quantitative data tell you? Do they suggest that the parity or inequality you see is part of a larger picture? What concepts or theories (classical or contemporary) have you studied that might be useful in explaining the pattern? Make a list. How do these fit together into a theory? Go back to Week 3, “What Counts as Theory?” and review the material, especially the chapter from Rojas and Swedborg. Draw a diagram of the concepts you plan to use including connections that can explain what causes what. Writing the Paper: What is your thesis? Write your thesis as a statement about the causal relationships you intend to describe and support. What is the pattern? Describe this, including citations to the work of other theorists who have observed similar patterns. Why does the pattern exist? Develop a theory to explain the pattern using concepts and other theories studied in the course. How do the data you have collected support or refute the thesis? What conclusions can you draw? Proofread your paper for spelling, grammar, and punctuation.

What is the ‘Mary’ problem against physicalism, and how effective is it?

Please select one question from the list below, and make sure to clearly state the question you are answering at the start of your essay. (1) What is the ‘Mary’ problem against physicalism, and how effective is it? (2) What are philosophical zombies, and what problem are they meant to pose for physicalism? How plausible is the zombie argument? (3) What is the argument from illusion, and how is it used to motivate indirect realism over direct realism? Is it effective? (4) What is the problem of fiction, and how do you think one should respond to it? (5) Can the B-series capture everything there is about the nature of time? If not, what does it leave out? (6) What are abstract objects? Are there any? (7) What is the most persuasive mereological account of the relationship between parts and wholes? Defend your answer. (8) What is an indispensability argument? What problems do such arguments face? (9) How should we demarcate genuine science from pseudo-science? (10) Critically evaluate the merits of scientific realism by focusing on what you take to be either the strongest argument in its defense or the strongest argument against it. (11) Why is there something rather than nothing? (12) What is the problem of evil, and how compelling is it as an argument for God’s non-existence? (13) Is it ever rational to have faith in God? (14) Does immortality have any essential role to play in an account of the meaning of life? (15) Is death necessary for one’s life to be meaningful? (16) If all that exists is the natural world, then can life ever be meaningful?

How does the text’s language engage with some aspect of the text’s historical, social, or cultural context?

You may write about any text we’ve read this semester (novel, poem, or film). It’s o.k. if it’s the same text you wrote about for an earlier paper; however, you may not use any of the material you wrote for your previous essay in this final paper. Choose one of the topics from the attached topic sheet or create your own topic and have it approved by me. After choosing a topic, it’s your job to narrow the topic down and to develop a specific thesis that makes an argument. Your essay should then support, develop, and explore this thesis by using your careful analysis of the text as your primary source of evidence. Ultimately, your goal is to make a thoughtful, cogent argument about an interesting thing you think the text is doing. To help you develop your main ideas, you may want to consider one of the following questions: How does the text’s language engage with some aspect of the text’s historical, social, or cultural context? How does the text represent a specific worldview or set of values? How does the text try to express a particular argument? How does the text puzzle over, explore, or seek to solve a particular problem? How does the text make a claim? How does the text use or experiment with a formal element (figurative language, a rhetorical device, narrative structure, etc)?

What is the relationship between climate change and global patterns of migration?

Across the globe, many individuals are fleeing violence, poverty, and corruption. However, climate change is emerging as both a direct and an indirect driver of migration that complicates existing vulnerabilities. What is the relationship between climate change and global patterns of migration? What is the role of the international community in protecting climate migrants? Use specific examples for the course readings and guest speakers to support your argument. Some questions to think about: (Note: These are guiding questions that you could use to frame your argument. You do not have to answer all, or any, of these if you are interested in another aspect of this situation) How do diverse marginalized groups experience the effects of climate change differently? (immigrants, refugees, migrants, women, children, etc.) In what ways are marginalized groups at greater risk to the harms of environmental changes? Some possible sources to provide context: (Note: These sources are to provide background information on the context of global migration. You may use other news sources to inform your argument. We are not asking you to summarize these articles) Floods predicted to uproot 50 million people a year as climate heats up https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-floods/floods-predicted-to-uproot-50-million-people-a-year-as-climate-heats-up-idUSKBN1Y72Q8 (Links to an external site.) Climate Change Is Altering Migration Patterns Regionally and Globally https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/immigration/news/2019/12/03/478014/climate-change-altering-migration-patterns-regionally-globally/ (Links to an external site.) Directions: Use concepts and examples from the assigned course readings and course lectures to respond to the prompt. We are not asking you to summarize the readings/lectures/news sources or answer all the questions above. We are not asking for your unsupported opinions. We are asking you to make your own coherent and well supported argument about the topic.

Calculate the correlation with temperature as the independent variable and distress_ct as the dependent variable.

1. Read the challenger.csv file into R as a dataframe. Set StringsAsFactors=TRUE 2. How many variables, rows and columns are there in the dataframe? Enter your answer as a comment. 3. Estimate beta (slope) value manually, with temperature as the independent variable and distress_ct as the dependent variable. Print the beta value. 4. Estimate alpha (intercept) value manually, with temperature as the independent variable and distress_ct as the dependent variable. Print the alpha value. 5. Define alpha and beta in this context. Enter your answer as a comment. 6. Calculate the correlation with temperature as the independent variable and distress_ct as the dependent variable. You can use either of the methods we discussed in class. Print the correlation value. 7. Explain the significance of the correlation in this context. Enter your answer as a comment. 8. Build the regression model with temperature as the independent variable and distress_ct as the dependent variable. 9. Output the regression coefficient. 10. Do a summary on the regression model. Please submit a. R script. Files submitted in any other format won’t be evaluated.