1. What is Descartes’ idea of God and how does it differ from Leibniz’s idea of God. Why is Leibniz’s idea of God more aligned with Aristotle’s ideas of substance and the prime mover? 2. How does Plotinus’ concept of emanation reflect Plato’s theory of the forms, and how does Plotinus’ version of Platonic philosophy respond to Aristotle’s critique of the forms? 3. Descartes and Kant both put the human subject at the center of truth and experience. How does Kant’s subjectivism – his belief that the world is based in subjective conditions – follow from Descartes’ project of radical doubt, and how does Kant go further than Descartes? 4. We have seen with Parmenides and then with Leibniz the idea of determinism, the belief that there is no freedom and everything is predetermined by laws of necessity. In Schelling’s “Freedom Essay,” how does he conceive of freedom and does he escape the problems of determinism