Having read through the attached pamphlets described below and using only those pamphlets, your class notes, the class video conversations, the following pages from Ways of the World, 563-5, 612-25, 695-98, 781-805; and relevant material from these websites: http://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article-categories/1904-plague; https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3narr1.html, write an essay that substantially and meaningfully relies on Sources 1, 2, and 3 (described below and attached above) in which you answer the following question:What role(s) did race/ethnicity play in these epidemics?Background to Source 1: As we’ve discussed in unit 2 of the course, in 1791 the enslaved population of the French colony of Saint-Domingue rose up in rebellion in what has come down to us as the Haitian Revolution. As the rebellion progressed slaveholders left Saint-Domingue and some 2,000 took refuge in the port of Philadelphia, arriving in spring of 1793. They likely brought with them two deadly fellow travellers: people infected with yellow fever and mosquitos carrying yellow fever. In August of 1793, an outbreak of deadly yellow fever set in and ravaged Philadelphia until November of 1793. The epidemic killed upwards of 5,000 of Philadelphia’s 50,000 citizens, fully 10 percent of the population. During the course of the epidemic members of Philadelphia’s substantial black community, consisting of people born in the Americas, people born in Africa, and free as well as enslaved, acted as nurses to the sick, as did whites. The famous physician Dr. Benjamin Rush worked with them, by their account, and the mayor of Philadelphia, Thomas Clarkson, authorized their activities. But upon the epidemic coming to a close, Matthew Carey, one of Philadelphia’s most substantial citizens and a leading publisher, came out with a history of the yellow fever epidemic. While Carey praised Afro-Philadelphians, he also charged them with profiteering. These charges caused Richard Allen, soon to be one of the founders of the first African American denomination in the United States, the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and his friend Absalom Jones to write the pamphlet that you have access to for this essay entitled A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Black People, During the Late Awful Calamity in Philadelphia in the Year 1793….. For purposes of this essay I recommend focusing on pp. 4-12. But you are free to use any part of the pamphlet you wish to. A note about the typeface for the pamphlet. The first time you look at it you will be a bit confused. The “f’s” will seem like they’re in places they shouldn’t be. They’re not “f’s,” but rather “s’s.” The way to tell the difference is to notice whether there’s a “crossbar” in the letter or not. No crossbar? It’s an “s.” Crossbar? it’s an “f.” Woo-hoo! Background to Sources 2 & 3: A little over a hundred years after the yellow fever outbreak in Philadelphia, an outbreak of bubonic plague struck the gold-mining boomtown of Johannesburg, now in South Africa, but at the time transitioning from being a major city in the segregationist Boer republic known as the South Africana Republic or the Transvaal. Late in the year 1902 plague hit the port of South African port of Durban and the public health authorities in Johannesburg took action to combat the plague which they were sure would soon arrive in their town. The two short articles from the British Medical Journal recount some of the primary measures that the authorities undertook to fight plague, which nonetheless came to Johannesburg in force in 1904. The area in Johannesburg that received the most attention in the epidemic was a poor area of Johannesburg in the downtown area known as the Coolie Location. Locations were segregated districts set aside for particular ethnic (or in the minds of the authorities racial) groups. The term coolie refers to South Asian migrants to the Johannesburg who worked in various capacities in the mining industry and supporting industries. The term Kaffirs in the text refers to indigenous black South Africans who were not from Cape region of South Africa, as does the term “native.” Cape Boys refers to peoples from the Cape region, as does the term “coloured.”