Are the abilities to use language and solve complex problems sufficient to distinguish between a human mind and an animal or machine mind?

If there were machines which bore a resemblance to our bodies and imitated our actions as closely as possible for all practical purposes, we should still have two very certain means of recognizing that they were not real men. The first is that they could never use words, or put together signs, as we do in order to declare our thoughts to others. For we can certainly conceive of a machine so constructed that it utters words, and even utters words that correspond to bodily actions causing a change in its organs. … But it is not conceivable that such a machine should produce different arrangements of words so as to give an appropriately meaningful answer to whatever is said in its presence, as the dullest of men can do. Secondly, even though some machines might do some things as well as we do them, or perhaps even better, they would inevitably fail in others, which would reveal that they are acting not from understanding, but only from the disposition of their organs. For whereas reason is a universal instrument, which can be used in all kinds of situations, these organs need some particular action; hence it is for all practical purposes impossible for a machine to have enough different organs to make it act in all the contingencies of life in the way in which our reason makes us act.As an essay answer the following prompt:Are Descartes’ tests as certain as he thinks they are? Are the abilities to use language and solve complex problems sufficient to distinguish between a human mind and an animal or machine mind? If these two tests are not sufficient on their own, what additional tests are necessary? Do such tests exist? Support your argument with ample citations and direct quotes from philosophers and other academic sources. If a robot like Bender in Futurama or an android like Data in Star Trek: The Next Generation existed, would their artificial intelligence meet the requirements of a mind?

Describe the ethical considerations arising from the development and application of the aircraft within its historical contexts.

situate the origins, development, and production history of the aircraft within its contemporary contextscompare and contrast the airplane’s initial technical specifications and expected function(s) with its actual deployment and subsequent service historyevaluate the airplane’s enduring significance through reference to its impact in altering previously existing social relationships and civic institutionsassess the extent to which the aircraft influences present-day values, beliefs, and attitudes by assessing its representation in historical records and contemporary mediaidentify and describe the ethical considerations arising from the development and application of the aircraft within its historical contexts

In what ways do you think the reasons for failure and success are attributed to the models of communication?

Select one company that has had a major public failure as a result of:1.Managerial incompetence or inexperience2.Neglect3.Weak control systems4.Insufficient capitalexamples: Enron, Pets.com, Betamax, Swiss Air, Polaroid, DeLorean Motorsand select one company that has had major success as a result of:1.Hard work, drive, and dedication2.Market demand for the products or services being provided3.Because the text focuses a section on a comparison between Blockbuster and Netflix, you may not write your paper about those two companies, but should select companies that will require research beyond the text.In your paper, be sure to address:1.Some basic background on each company so that we can understand the context for its success or failure.2.The reason the company failed or succeeded and some specific evidence of their failure or success. This could come from a comparison of revenues or profits at two or more points in the company’s history, a direct quote from an appropriate authority, or from some other kind of appropriate evidence.3.Why you feel they best fit the profile of failure or success within the context of the reasons given.4.If the company failed, what do you think they could have done to prevent failure?5.If the company is successful, what do you feel they can continue to do to remain that way? 6.Why you feel additional factors such as flexibility, innovation, or adaptability to market demands also contribute to company success or failure. 7.In what ways do you think the reasons for failure and success are attributed to the models of communication?Note: think of this as a paper and not as merely an exercise in answering these six questions. In other words, I am looking for a strong beginning that lays out your central thesis and then a paper that flows logically from paragraph to paragraph and that ends with a conclusion that gives the paper a satisfying sense of closure. Be sure that you support each of your key points with specific detail. For example, if you say that a company should have recognized warning signs about the prospect of failure, you might use a direct quote for an appropriate authoritative source

What are the ways the evolution of fashion (going into the current phenomena of fast-fashion over the past decade) reverberate in the present and impact contemporary environmental struggles and human rights in third world countries?

Main question: What are the ways the evolution of fashion (going into the current phenomena of fast-fashion over the past decade) reverberate in the present and impact contemporary environmental struggles and human rights in third world countries? Pointers:-Two third world countries to focus on: Bangladesh & India.-Base a lot of the fast-fashion research information from the Netflix show: (source 1) Patriot Act with Hasan Minhaj episode “The Ugly Truth of Fast Fashion”. -Take Minhaj’s words, “Society’s desire to look good is taking a huge environmental toll and putting workers at risk”. -How the U.S. and other world leading countries view BD and India as barbaric and feel that they can dump their waste there, putting the people living in those countries at health risks. -Leading brands in America such as: Nike, Forever 21, H&M, others really misuse the workers in the garments factories/sweatshops. Making them work in unhealthy environments and underpaying them a lot!-Options for other two sources can be online newspaper articles.

Discuss how the U.S used military intervention with the war in Iraq and how they did not intervene in Libya.

Current theory/ hypothesis are The United States will intervene in another state’s conflict, with military force when there is an economic gain for the United States. Alternative Hypothesis:The United States will intervene with military force to further establish its role as the leading world power. Please use these hypothesis they can be changed a bit to fit with the paper but they should stay relatively the same. The cases I have selected are Iraq and Libya. How the U.S used military intervention with the war in Iraq and how they did not intervene in Libya. Realism is the main theory I used to support those hypotheses, but an alternative theory will need to be research for the Literature review and counter argument. Use subheadings to organize the paper.Include graphs and charts to the Methodology/ case selection part of the paper to prove your point. Include bibliography.Thank you.

Write an explanation of how early language development relates to reading fluency and comprehension in later years.

Stages of typical and atypical oral language development including crying, cooing, babbling, one-word, two-words, and complete sentences.Three environmental influences that affect oral language development with an explanation for each.Explanation of how early language development relates to reading fluency and comprehension in later years.Three at-home strategies for addressing atypical language development in young children.

Describe and detail at least three specific examples of control and three specific examples resistance that the author uses to support the thesis statement in that chapter.

No More, No More: Slavery and Cultural Resistance in Havana and New Orleans:Identify and re-state the author’s thesis statement of one specific chapter.Describe and detail at least three specific examples of control and three specific examples resistance that the author uses to support the thesis statement in that chapter.Answer the question, “Did the book effectively support the thesis statement of that chapter?” If you believe that the book did effectively support the thesis statement, give your analysis of the most compelling evidence. If you believe that the book did not support the thesis statement, give your analysis of the most compelling shortcoming of the argument?Remember, in section 3 of the assignment, analysis means going deeper than just restating what the author has presented as evidence. That’s what you’re doing in Section 2. Analysis means thinking deeply and critically about that evidence and asking some common sense questions about plausibility. If it doesn’t seem like the evidence presented makes the case tell me why. If it does effectively support the thesis, what were the pieces of evidence that made the most penetrating argument. This does not mean just one point but instead it should be the culmination of a specific line of thinking that the book chose to pursue/present.

Assume Mundo was so obligated. What are Extra’s rights and remedies against Mundo?

Unit VI Assignment Weight: 25% of course gradeGrading RubricInstructionsFinal Contract AnalysisNote: This is a two-part assignment that consists of two different contract analysis scenarios. Please answer both scenarios on one document, and upload it to Blackboard. Contract analysis scenario one—damages determination: Alfred and Barbara own adjoining farms in Dry County, an area where all agriculture requires irrigation. Alfred bought a well-drilling rig and drilled a 400-foot well from which he drew drinking water. Barbara needed no additional irrigation water, but in January 1985, she asked Alfred on what terms he would drill a well near her house to supply better-tasting drinking water than the county water she has been using for years. Alfred said that because he had never before drilled a well for hire, he would charge Barbara only $10 per foot, about one dollar more than his expected cost. Alfred said that he would drill to a maximum depth of 600 feet, which is the deepest his rig could reach. Barbara said, “OK—as long as you can guarantee completion by June 1, we have a deal.” Alfred agreed, and he asked for $3,500 in advance, with any further payment or refund to be made on completion. Barbara said, “OK,” and she paid Alfred $3,500.Alfred started to drill on May 1. He had reached a depth of 200 feet on May 10 when his drill struck rock and broke, plugging the hole. The accident was unavoidable. It had cost Alfred $12 per foot to drill this 200 feet. Alfred said he would not charge Barbara for drilling the useless hole in the ground, but he would have to start a new well close by and could not promise its completion before July 1.Barbara, annoyed by Alfred’s failure, refused to let him start another well. On June 1, she contracted with Carl to drill a well. Carl agreed to drill to a maximum depth of 350 feet for $4,500, which Barbara also paid in advance, but Carl could not start drilling until October 1. He completed drilling and struck water at 300 feet on October 30.In July, Barbara sued Alfred, seeking to recover her $3,500 paid to Alfred, plus the $4,500 paid to Carl.On August 1, Dry County’s dam failed, thus reducing the amount of water available for irrigation. Barbara lost her apple crop worth $15,000. The loss could have been avoided by pumping from Barbara’s well if it had been operational by August 1. Barbara amended her complaint to add the $15,000 loss.In a minimum of a 1,000-word contract analysis, discuss Barbara’s suit against Alfred. What are Barbara’s rights, and what damages, if any, will she recover? Cite any direct quotes or paraphrased material from outside sources. Use APA format.Contract analysis scenario two—remedies determination: Mundo manufactures printing presses. Extra, a publisher of a local newspaper, had decided to purchase new presses. Rep, a representative of Mundo, met with Boss, the president of Extra, to describe the advantages of Mundo’s new press. Rep also drew rough plans of the alterations that would be required in Extra’s pressroom to accommodate the new presses, including additional floor space and new electrical installations, and Rep left the plans with Boss.On December 1, Boss received a letter signed by Seller, a member of Mundo’s sales staff, offering to sell the required number of presses at a cost of $2.4 million. The offer contained provisions relating to the delivery schedule, warranties, and payment terms but did not specify a particular mode of acceptance of the offer. Boss immediately decided to accept the offer and telephoned Seller’s office. Seller was out of town, and Boss left the following message: “Looks good. I’m sold. Call me when you get back so we can discuss details.”Using the rough plans drawn by Rep, Boss also directed that work begin on the necessary pressroom renovations. By December 4, a wall had been demolished in the pressroom, and a contract had been signed for the new electrical installations.On December 5, the President of the United States announced a ban on foreign imports of computerized heavy equipment. The ban removed—from the American market—a foreign manufacturer that had been the only competitor of Mundo. That afternoon, Boss received an email from Mundo stating, “All outstanding offers are withdrawn.” In a subsequent telephone conversation, Seller told Boss that Mundo would not deliver the presses for less than $2.9 million.In a minimum of a 1,000-word contract analysis, discuss the following questions: Was Mundo obligated to sell the presses to Extra for $2.4 million? Assume Mundo was so obligated. What are Extra’s rights and remedies against Mundo?

Employ David Farber’s The Age of Great Dreams, as well as up to two (2) outside sources, in your essay to identify the efforts of the women’s movement amongst the various factions of organizations attempting to push these ideas to the forefront of the American consciousness.

After reading/listening to Chisholm’s speech before Congress on the ERA and Friedan’s testimony before the senate judicial committee, choose ONE and evaluate it, using various critical analysis modes.Consider theoretical, definitional, evidential, OR implication questions to respond to with your critique. Additionally, how do contextual, biographical, and historical elements of the women’s liberation movement affect your chosen speech?Optionally, employ David Farber’s The Age of Great Dreams, as well as up to two (2) outside sources, in your essay to identify the efforts of the women’s movement amongst the various factions of organizations attempting to push these ideas to the forefront of the American consciousness.