Environmental Ethics

1. In section 10.5 of the textbook, Sandler presents a series of considerations that may be used to evaluate comprehensive ethical theories. Draw on two of these considerations to support or reject one of the comprehensive ethical theories that we examine in the course (e.g., biocentric consequentialism, anthropocentric deontology, sentientist virtue ethics, etc.). 2. Choose one of the comprehensive ethical theories that we examine in the course to support or reject by applying that theory to an environmental issue of your choice. 3. Choose one of the value theories that we examine in the course to support or reject by analyzing the direct and indirect duties it will justify (or not justify). 4. Propose and defend an account of natural value that draws on a thought experiment (your own or from Sandler’s text, e.g. the replication argument box 4.4) and considers some practical implications (e.g., how your account could or should influence environmental decision-making). GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Please read and follow these instructions carefully. Your paper should be approximately 1500 words long. You won’t be penalized for being slightly (~100 words) under or over the word count. Your work will be graded on both style and content (see grading rubric for clarification). Your papers should demonstrate a strong grasp of the directly relevant material as well as some background concepts and debates, and you are expected to state and defend a clear thesis. Keep in mind that successfully defending a position requires giving strong reasons for holding that position, as well as considering and responding to at least one objection. While it is most important for you to write clearly, accurately, and rigorously on the relevant material, you are also encouraged to demonstrate some original thought and to use your own examples to help support your analysis and argument. TEXT USE AND CITATION It is extremely important that you cite all your sources, but I’m not picky about citation style; just make sure that your citations are clear, specific, and reasonably consistent. Keep in mind that you must cite page numbers when quoting or directly paraphrasing the material. You are not expected to use external sources but are free to do so. In any case, you should be mainly drawing on the course material. If your sources are all from the course and have the same pagination as the course texts, you do not need to include a separate references page. If you do use any outside or different sources, you must include a references list with full bibliographic information for each source. Whichever topic you choose, you are expected to apply course concepts and to draw directly and substantially at least two course readings (assigned up to and including May 27th).

Explain in as much detail as possible why you believe this is Marxist (avoid terms like positive and negative).

Week 3 Reading Assignment and Questions For the week Three reading listed below, fully answer the following questions: Week Three Reading S & A Chapter 3 (First Half) ZINN Chapter 3 1. a. Give me one example of Whig History from S & A (include the page number) b. Explain in as much detail as possible why you believe this is Whig (avoid terms like positive and negative). 2. a. Give me one example of Marxist History from Zinn (include the page number) b. Explain in as much detail as possible why you believe this is Marxist (avoid terms like positive and negative). Zinn: https://www.historyisaweapon.com/defcon1/zinncol1.html S&A: http://ready4itall.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/A-Patriots-History-of-the-US-Ytsewolf.pdf Here is an example of a weekly assignment that would receive full points, remember each week we have the same assignment, but it is based on different readings. Example of an “A” Assignment: 1. a. “Columbus continued to Cuba, which he called Hispaniola. At the time he thought he had reached the Far East and referred to the dark-skinned people he found in Hispaniola as Indians. He found these Indians “very well formed, with handsome bodies and good faces,” and hoped to convert them “to our Holy Faith by love rather than by force” by giving them red caps and glass beads “and many other things of small value.” (13) b. I believe this passage from chapter 1 of S & A is an example of Whig history because it is an optimistic narrative, from the viewpoint of Christopher Columbus’s leadership, of the beginning of the new world. It portrays Columbus as a hopeful explorer that stumbled upon Hispaniola, and that came to admire and to yearn to bring enlightenment to the natives of the land through gifts. This passage, in Whig fashion, lacked the grim details and hid Columbus’s plan to enslave the natives and pillage their land for gold. Its use of the adjective holy, similar to other Whig terms such as virtue and enlightenment, accentuated its Whig style. 2. a. “The Indians’ attempts to defend themselves failed. And when they ran off into the hills they were found and killed. So, Las Casas reports, “they suffered and died in the mines and other labors in desperate silence, knowing not a soul in the world to whom they could turn for help.” (6) b. I believe this passage from chapter 1 of Zinn is an example of Marxist history because it is a gloomy and anti-leadership narrative, from the viewpoint of the subordinate Hispaniola natives, of the beginning of the new world. It takes the side of, and it empathizes with the natives’ struggle of pain and isolation caused by their Spanish rulers. This passage highlights the cruelty of the leadership, detailing their persecution and enforcement of labor for gold on the natives. Giving it a Marxist feeling, it pairs the adjective desperate, similar to other Marxist terms such as victims and tragedy, with silence to depict the natives’ suppression and oppression under Spanish rule.

Write a formal letter to the select organization explaining to them why they should partner with your organization to tackle this issue.

Key Players and Partnerships in Global HealthYour supervisor, the president of a major nonprofit global health organization (you can use any of the ones mentioned in the PowerPoint under the Module Overview), told you she wants to partner with an organization in the United States (do some research to identify one) to address a problematic health policy related to children’s health.Case AssignmentYour supervisor asks you to prepare a summary report showing: (1) Table of possible partner organizations, (2) description of each organization’s mission/vision/values/priorities, and (3) possible areas of collaboration related to children’s health.Based on this summary report, select one of the organizations that seems most suitable, and write a formal letter to the select organization explaining to them why they should partner with your organization to tackle this issue.The letter should include a description of the population and the health issue, how it relates to the other organization’s mission statement, the policy you want to change or enact, and the benefits of creating this partnership.In order to earn full credit, this letter has to be persuasive.

Explain how your policy or program will strengthen both internal and external procedural justice using relevant research.

Consider all you have learned about Procedural Justice as you create the following report: 1. Identify a police or law enforcement agency you are familiar with; describe the community and the agency with relevant demographics and/or statistics related to size; community served; number of officers; diversity of force; etc. 2. For both internal and external procedural justice, identify one strength and one weakness that law enforcement agency has. Explain how each of these strengths and weaknesses affect the agency’s legitimacy. 3. Finally, design at least one new policy or program that will address a weakness you describe above. Explain how your policy or program will strengthen both internal and external procedural justice using relevant research.

Discuss LGBTI Refugees in Africa.

This is a reaction paper to the two video sources I will attach. You MUST watch these sources first and then write the paper. The prompt given is: Describe why members of LGBTI face persecution in Africa. Format of Reaction Paper: -The Introduction: provide a brief description of the author(s) and the problems and ideas in the reading (s) and documentary. Immediately after the introduction, please write a thesis statement which is clear and brief. -The body: this is the main section where you explain all the ideas in your reaction paper. -The conclusion: touch on the major points and wrap up everything by clarifying your reaction/opinion Links to the two Video documentaries: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=facBoOJekNo https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ctZ80Dlch2E Some notes about the paper I would like: This should be a critical reaction to the two documentaries. Talk about how LGBTI refugees are especially targeted but frame most of the paper around how these systems were designed to fail especially for minorities who may not confine to their countries ethnic or sexual majority. Please do not simply summarize what is seen in the two documentaries.

What problem is the policy designed to solve?

1) What is the policy? 2) What problem is the policy designed to solve? 3) What is your evaluation criteria for analyzing the policy? 4) What is your evaluation of the extent to which the policy solves the problem? 5) What are the intended and unintended consequences of the policy? 6) Based on 3 and 4 above, what are your recommendations for improving the policy?