Discuss the two fundamental principles of Evidence Based Medicine and why it is important to how we use it.

1. How does the focus of research and evidence-based practice (EBP) differ? Discuss the application of research findings into evidence-based nursing practice.
2. Provide a specific example of evidence-based practice used in your work facility or within the nursing profession. Were there any challenges or barriers to implementing the evidence-based practice? If so, how were they overcome?
3. Describe one situation you have encountered where your actions were guided by the Nursing Code of Ethics. If you have never encountered such a situation, imagine a possible situation you could face in the future. Link this experience to one of the elements in the code of ethics found at http://www.nursingworld.org/codeofethics.
4. Why is the impaired nurse neither praised nor looked upon with reverence like his/her peers?
Poverty and lack of education are two big barriers to healthcare for women and minorities. Low levels of education are associated with low life expectancies and high mortality rates. People living in poverty often lack education about when, why, and where to access healthcare. There have been various legislative activities in the US to improve public health.
On the basis of your understanding of the access to healthcare facilities and impacts of barriers to healthcare access, answer the following questions:
Explain at least three public health campaigns targeting access to healthcare for women and/or minorities. Describe at least two aspects of their advertising strategies that have addressed income and education.
Abortion has been the subject of numerous legislative activities in the United States. How have various legislations affected low-income and minority women?
Describe the legal battle over birth control devices in the United States. Include how access to healthcare has been affected by the legal decisions.
Describe the legal barriers to healthcare access for low-income immigrant minorities.
Review the articles, “Ethnic and gender disparities in needed adolescent mental health care”, and “Overlooked and underserved: Improving the health of men of color”. Explain what it means to be “overlooked” by the healthcare system.
Discuss at least two examples that illustrate why minorities are often overlooked in the healthcare system. Do you agree or disagree with these reasons, why or why not?
Despite the fact that school-based psychological counseling is available to all students, Thomas et al., report that ethnic disparities in mental healthcare access and utilization still persist. Explain why this disparity exists. What can be done to decrease mental health access and utilization barriers for low-income and minority students?
What strategies does former U.S. Surgeon General, David Satcher, M.D., discuss that will decrease the potential for minorities to be overlooked by the healthcare system?
A graduate school nurse has to prepare a presentation for a freshman class of nursing students on anxiolytic and hypnotic agents. The learning objectives include a review of the states that are affected by anxiolytic and hypnotic agents and key nursing considerations for patients receiving these medications. (Learning Objectives 1, 2, and 5)
a.What are the definitions of the states affected by anxiolytic or hypnotic agents?
b.What are the key nursing implementation considerations for a patient receiving a benzodiazepine?
c.What should the nurse teach the students about the indications for zaleplon (Sonata) and zolpidem (Ambien)?
A patient had a tonic–clonic seizure and has been started on a phenytoin medication. The patient tells the nurse he is very upset about not being able to drive and has several questions about epilepsy. (Learning Objectives 1, 2, and 5)
a.What should be included in the patient teaching about the classification of generalized seizures?
a.How does phenytoin work?
c.What are the key implementation and rationale considerations for this patient who is receiving medication to treat generalized seizures?
Case Study, Chapter 26, Narcotics, Narcotic Antagonists, and Antimigraine Agents
A new graduate RN has been assigned to a medical–surgical unit. The new graduate RN is in the week of nursing orientation and is administering medications. The RN has to administer an antimigraine medication to an adult patient, a narcotic to an older adult in acute pain, and a narcotic antagonist to a third patient. (Learning Objectives 1, 2, 3, and 5)
a.What is the gate control theory of pain, and how does this block pain for a patient?
b.What are the key lifespan considerations for an older adult when administering narcotics?
c.What are the key nursing implementation considerations for a patient receiving a narcotic antagonist?
d.What are the key lifespan considerations for an adult when administering antimigraine medication?
Case Study, Chapter 30, Adrenergic Agonists
A patient is experiencing serious ventricular arrhythmias and shock following a heart transplant. The physician has ordered isoproterenol and dopamine to be administered to the patient. (Learning Objectives 2, 4, and 5)
a.What is the therapeutic action for isoproterenol?
b.What are the adverse effects of isoproterenol?
c.What is the therapeutic action for dopamine?
d.What are the adverse effects of dopamine?
e.What are the key nursing implementation considerations for patients receiving an adrenergic agent?
Case Study, Chapter 36, Adrenocortical Agents
A second-year nursing student has to prepare medication cards for clinical on adrenocortical agents. The specific medication cards that have to be prepared are for prednisone (Deltasone) and fludrocortisone (Florinef). Additionally, the student nurse has to prepare a patient teaching plan for mineralocorticoids. (Learning Objectives 1, 2, 4, and 5)
a.What are the physiological effects of the adrenocortical agents?
b.What are the key nursing implementation teaching points that need to be reviewed with a patient receiving an adrenocortical agent?
c.What are the most common adverse reactions for fludrocortisone (Florinef)?
d.What are the indications for prednisone (Deltasone)?
Case Study, Chapter 38, Agents to Control Blood Glucose Levels
A diabetes registered nurse educator is preparing an in-service presentation for student nurses on agents to control blood glucose levels for diabetes mellitus. The in-service will include a brief review of the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Drugs to be included in the presentation will include insulin, chlorpropamide (Diabinese), glyburide (Micronase), and metformin (Glucophage). (Learning Objectives 1, 4, and 5)
a.What alterations in metabolic pathways and changes to basement membranes occur with diabetes mellitus?
b.What are the key nursing implementation considerations for patients taking insulin?
c.What are the indications for chlorpropamide (Diabinese)?
d.What are the most common adverse effects of glyburide (Micronase)?
e.What are the therapeutic actions for metformin (Glucophage)?
f.What are the lifespan considerations for children who use antidiabetic agents?
Benchmark – Nursing Process: Approach to Care The nursing process is a tool that puts knowledge into practice. By utilizing this systematic problem-solving method, nurses can determine the health care needs of an individual and provide personalized care. Write a paper on cancer and approach to care based on the utilization of the nursing process. Include the following in your paper: Describe the diagnosis and staging of cancer. Describe at least three complications of cancer, the side effects of treatment, and methods to lessen physical and psychological effects. Discuss what factors contribute to the yearly incidence and mortality rates of various cancers in Americans. Explain how the American Cancer Society (ACS) might provide education and support. What ACS services would you recommend and why? Explain how the nursing process is utilized to provide safe and effective care for cancer patients across the life span. Your explanation should include each of the five phases and demonstrate the delivery of holistic and patient-focused care. Discuss how undergraduate education in liberal arts and science studies contributes to the foundation of nursing knowledge and prepares nurses to work with patients utilizing the nursing process. Consider mathematics, social and physical sciences, and science studies as an interdisciplinary research area. You are required to cite to a minimum of four sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and relevant to nursing practice. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance. Benchmark Information This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies: RN-BSN 2.1: Incorporate liberal arts and science studies into nursing knowledge. 3.1 Utilize the nursing process to provide safe and effective care for patients across the life span.