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Experimental validity refers to the manner that variables influence the results of the research and the generalizability of the results to the population at large. The two types of validity that are relevant to experimental designs include internal validity and external validity.

Instructions:

Using a topic of interest to yourself, briefly describe a proposed research study you would like to conduct.

• Provide a detailed discussion regarding some of the potential threats that could occur to the internal validity of your study.
• Examine how these threats could reduce the validity of your study and possibly make the study invalid.
• What are some ways you could increase the internal validity?
• What is the importance of external validity for your study?
• Is internal validity or external validity more important for your study?
• What do you find most difficult about the idea of validity?
  • What aspects of evaluating it or integrating it into research desin are the most challenging and why?
  • What questions do you still have about experimental validity after this exercise?

After reading the article, Managing Resistant Clients, explain (in your own words) the concept of “resistance” in a therapeutic relationship. Why does it happen? What do you think the implications are?

After reading the article, “Success Stories with Challenging Clients”, what are some of the recommended approaches to dealing with challenging and resistant clients?

Many people receive their first introduction to the scientific method in their early school years. The first experiments which students undertake typically involve plants, chemicals, or small animals in a tightly controlled experimental environment. These experiments enable students to establish a relatively clear cause-and-effect relationship between the outcome of the experiment and the manipulation of the variables.

As soon as a researcher introduces a human element, proving a cause and effect relationship becomes more difficult—as the researcher cannot enact total control of another person even in an experimental environment. Social workers serve clients in highly complex real-world environments. Clients often implement recommended interventions outside of social workers’ direct observation. Yet, evidence-based research calls for social workers to establish cause-and-effect relations between selected interventions and client outcomes as much possible. To meet this challenge, social workers must understand the study designs available to them and all of the variations of that design that can increase the rigor of the experiment and improve the likelihood of verifying a cause-and-effect relationship.

In this week’s case study, you decide whether the social worker in the case study has appropriately chosen a single-system (subject) design and implemented it in such a way that it can be considered an appropriate example of evidence-based research.1

Required Reading

· “Social Work Research: Single Subject” (pp. 70–72) Attached File

Dudley, J. R. (2014). Social work evaluation: Enhancing what we do. (2nd ed.) Chicago, IL: Lyceum Books.  Attached document

· Chapter 9, “Is the Intervention Effective?” (pp. 226-244: Read from “Client Satisfaction & Effectiveness” to “Target Problem Scale”) Attached document     To prepare for this Discussion, read the case study Social Work Research: Single Subject and criteria for using single-system (subject) designs as evidence of effective practices in this week’s resources. Consider whether the study design described in the case study will serve the purpose of evaluating the program’s practice approach (case management with solution-focused and task-centered approaches). Consider whether these approaches are well suited to evaluation by the types of measurement used in the study. Consider to what objective measurement the numerical scales used to measure problem-change and task completion corresponds. Consider what new knowledge and evidence for the efficacy of the treatment approaches Chris has generated with her study.

Describe how or if the rise in popularity of social media affects media agenda setting in relation to political elections in the United States. Find at least THREE examples to support your point of view from either news media coverage of the 2016 presidential election or the upcoming 2018 midterm elections. Finally, explain why you have chosen each example and how it supports your opinion.

Discussion Question Response: By the due date assigned post your response to the assigned discussion questions in the appropriate threads in the Discussion Area.

Participation Responses: No later than by the end of the week, review and comment on the discussion question responses posted by at least two of your peers.

Guidelines: Support your responses with scholarly academic references using APA style format. Assigned course readings and online library resources are preferred. Weekly lecture notes are designed as overviews to the topic for the respective week and should not serve as a citation or reference.

In your discussion question response, provide a substantive response that illustrates a well-reasoned and thoughtful response; is factually correct with relevant scholarly citations,references, and examples that demonstrates a clear connection to the readings.

In your participation responses to your peers, comments must demonstrate thorough analysis of postings and extends meaningful discussion by building on previous postings.

Note: Review South University’s Substantive Participation Policy Criteria, Helpful Tips, and Late Policy available by clicking on the South University Policy and Guidelines navigation tab. The late policy applies to late discussion question responses.

Tasks:
Choose a middle-range theory or grand theory that, in your opinion, can be applied to research. What are the assumptions underpinning this theory? Discuss how this theory finds application in research.
Choose a middle-range theory or grand theory that, in your opinion, can be applied to practice. What are the assumptions underpinning this theory? Discuss how this theory finds application in your area of practice.

Complete Skill Builder 3-2 on pages 110-111. You only need to share your answer to the “Apply It” question, but you can share your other answers if you like. Discuss these, including what caused you to answer the Apply It question the way that you did.Have you had similar experiences to others in your discussion group?

Again, imagine that you are running for a state office (e.g., governor, senator, or Congressional representative) and you have to prepare a position paper for a debate on controversial issues in the news. [Select one (1) of the topics addressed in Weeks 5-9 of this class.]  Remember that you are addressing a significant segment of your state’s population and you want to be elected to public office, so your topic will have to have a broad appeal, such as public trust and the media, the loss of privacy, safeguarding the First Amendment, online harassment, and the dangers of privatizing public information, among other topics from those chapters.

You will want your position paper to demonstrate critical thinking, sound logic, valid claims, personal passion, and credible support that is cited correctly because the paper will be provided to the news media before the debate and will be scrutinized by the media and reported on regarding these criteria.

1. Introduce your position using a thesis statement in the first paragraph, including a quote, question, or statistic from your reliable sources and an overview of the main points you will cover. (It’s important to grab the audience’s interest and inform the audience of what the main and support points are.)
2. Provide two or three (2-3) major points to support your thesis statement. (Put each major point in a separate paragraph.)
3. Provide one (1) paragraph in which you identify and answer an expected argument against your view.
4. Organize arguments and support your claims effectively.
5. Demonstrate personal passion for your position and critical thinking with persuasive language, sound logic, valid claims, and credible support for the claims.
6. Use the Strayer University Library at https://research.strayer.edu to locate and provide two to three (2-3) credible and reliable sources (in addition to the textbook) about current events, which have been published in the last five (5) years and are cited correctly in the position paper. (Wikipedia, dictionaries, and encyclopedias are unacceptable and will not count toward your number of credible sources.)

Complete the Self-Assessment 2-1 on page 43 of the text. Are you “a planner”? Briefly discuss your results, especially areas in which you scored lowest. What do you think you could or should do to improve in these areas? Can you help out any other discussion group member on what they might try to do to become a stronger planner? Can they help you out?

You have just opened a healthcare center in a major American city. You have a handful of employees and your main business is to provide urgent-care medical services, pharmacy, patient education, and various kinds of therapy. Answer the following questions?

1. How will you be competitive and provide services at a reasonable cost using technology and innovation?

2. How will you be able to sustain a competitive advantage using technology and innovation?

3. What measures would you take to initiate innovative strategies within your company?

4. Explain what type of innovations is available to you, including dominant design, and incorporate that into your strategy for initiating innovation strategy.

5. What type of technologies, innovations, and so forth. will enable you to become a first mover and describe how and when you will implement these strategies?

6. Describe your strategies for assessment of company performance by using Porter’s fiveforce model, stakeholder analysis, and other measures. What areas of competition do you need to be especially cognizant of in order to remain competitive and relevant in the healthcare provider industry?